She announced the coming of her younger brother. Selene is often eclipsed by the popularity of Artemis as a lunar goddess, but as the personification of the moon itself she had a significant impact on the lives and views of the Greek people. In Greek, the name Endymion means one who dives and Max Muller thought that the myth was a symbolic representation of how the sun set by diving into the sea and then the moon arose. This story seems to have made its way into Roman mythology as well since many of the greatest Roman scholars, from Cicero to Seneca, have written about it. They included: The lunar goddesses sometimes worked together. A variation of this symbol was the nimbus, which surrounded her head, depicting the celestial light she bestowed on the world. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Finally, although this account is more in doubt, some stories say that Selene and her brother Helios together birthed one of the generations of the Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. [148] Records show that a type of cake called (bos, "ox") decorated with horns to represent the full moon or an ox was offered to her and other divinities like Hecate, Artemis and Apollo. It did not take long for Zeus to notice something was amiss. See esp. Selenes Roman counterpart was called Luna (from the Latin word meaning moon). How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? In other versions, Endymion was actually taken to Mount Olympus. E.g., Thucydides, Histories 7.50.4; Tacitus, Annals 1.28.1ff. Selene, the moon goddess, was reputed to have had many children by various fathers. How old is the United States of America? H. G. Evelyn-White; cf. The brother and sister married each other and had three children: Eos (the goddess of the dawn), Helios (the sun god), and Selene (the moon goddess). Like every celestial goddess , there was a yin to Selene's yang; In this case, there were two yins. After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). Two of the original twelve Titans descended from Uranus and Gaia, Hyperion was the Titan god of heavenly light while Theia was the Titan goddess of vision and the aether. Other examples of lunar goddesses and gods are Selenes Roman equivalent Luna, the Mesopotamian Sin, the Egyptian god Khonsu, the Germanic Mani, the Japanese Shinto god Tsukuyomi, the Chinese Change, and the Hindu god Chandra. According to early Greek myths, Selene used to be a Titan goddess of the moon and Artemis used to be a goddess of hunting and animals. [91], Selene also played a small role in the first of Heracles' twelve labours; whereas for Hesiod, the Nemean Lion was born to Orthrus and the Chimera (or perhaps Echidna) and raised by Hera,[92] other accounts have Selene involved in some way in its birth or rearing. Perhaps the most colorful ancient description of Selene comes from Homeric Hymn 32 (the Homeric Hymn to Selene). Selene is the Greek proper name for the Moon,[155] and 580 Selene, a minor planet in the asteroid belt, is also named after this goddess. The cave in Anatolia where Endymion was said to sleep became a holy place for Selene. Grapevines then rose from Ampelus corpse, from which the heartbroken Dionysus made wine for the first time. He soon discovered the source of Selenes distraction. Selene then turned Lilaeus into a mountain, Mt. [31], Ampelus was a handsome young male satyr and the first love of the god Dionysus. Virgil, Georgics 3.391ff; Servius on Virgils Georgics 3.391 (citing the second-century BCE poet Nicander as the original source). The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. Kapach, Avi. This claim has been takenby Plutarch at first, and subsequently by modern astronomersto mean that she could predict the time and general area where an eclipse of the Moon would occur. Selene was a beautiful goddess with long, flowing . She had two siblings, Helios and Eos. Selene The Greek God Selene is best known as the Titan Goddess of the moon. In Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess of the water. With Zeus she is the mother of Pandeia goddess of dew. Different sources vary as to whether the chariot was golden or silver, but a silver chariot would seem to fit better with the goddess of the moon. The second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft following was named SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) after Selene, and was also known as Kaguya in Japan. The goddess had one temple that was also an oracle near Thalamae in Laconia. -Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. In some versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love with Queen Hera, wife of Zeus. Many people believed that labor and childbirth was easiest during the full moon and prayed to Selene for aid. But the Greek cult of Selene grew more and more prevalent towards the end of the Hellenistic period (32331 BCE). [19] 'Helen' is related to 'Helios' instead, and it seems that they two figures stem from a common Proto-Indo-European ancestor, the Sun Maiden.[20][21]. Deciphering the Role of Helios, the Sun God of Greek Mythology. What are Pan God Powers in Greek Mythology? Both Theocritus in his second Idyll and Pindar write about how young women would pray to or invoke spells in the name of the moon goddess for help with their love lives. Their names differed from the other triads of Horae and they were considered to be the personifications of the four seasons itself. The name Selene is also quite popular in the English-speaking world. Surviving descriptions of Selene's physical appearance and character, apart from those which would apply to the moon itself, are scant. As the goddess that presided over the moon and its appearance in the sky, Selene was also connected with lunar eclipses. Everything We Know About the Greek Goddess of Agriculture, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of, Interesting Facts about Athena: Greek Goddess of Knowledge. [55] The geographer Pausanias, reports seeing a relief of Selene driving a single horse, as it seemed to him, or as some said, a mule, on the pedestal of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia (c. 435 BC). Selene was written off and Artemis became the goddess of the moon, hunting, and animals. [29] Empedocles, Euripides and Nonnus all describe her as (glaukpis, "bright-eyed", a common epithet of the goddess Athena)[30] while in a fragment from a poem, possibly written by Pamprepius, she is called (kyanpis, "dark-eyed"). [106], According to pseudo-Plutarch, Lilaeus was an Indian shepherd who only worshipped Selene among the gods and performed her rituals and mysteries at night. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. They brought night and day, shed light on the earth, were responsible for the turning of the months, and facilitated agriculture. But in the case of her daughters with Endymion, it is widely known that Selene gave birth to the fifty daughters known as the Menai. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Accessed March 1, 2023. The altars to Selene were few and far between. Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.336ff; cf. Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. There are three different ways you can cite this article. In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. The Homeric Hymn to Helios uses the same epithet ("bright-tressed"), used in the above Hymn to Selene (elsewhere translated as "rich-", "lovely-", or "well-tressed"),[26] while Epimenides uses the epithet ("lovely-haired"). [75] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping". [33] The Homeric Hymn to Helios follows this tradition: "Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphassa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios",[34] with Euryphassa ("widely shining") probably being an epithet of Theia. Moon gods and goddesses have existed in all ancient pantheistic cultures for a very long time. [76] The Roman playwright Seneca, has Selene abandoned the night sky for Endymion's sake having entrusted her "shining" moon chariot to her brother Helios to drive. One of the most important sources of this myth is in the Greek satirist Lucian of Samosatas Dialogues of the Gods, where Aphrodite and Selene talk about the latters love for Endymion. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. Sometimes this develops in later worship as they are identified with other deities or gods. 500450 BCE. Updates? Witchcraft has long been believed to have had a connection with the moon and it was no different in antiquity. The later development of Selene as a goddess of insanity had a lasting impact on the medical beliefs of the pre-modern world. "From the panteon of the gods to the Pantheon of Rome" in, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 02:32. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. [81], Philologist Max Mller's interpretation of solar mythology as it related to Selene and Endymion concluded that the myth was a narrativized version of linguistic terminology. 2022 Wasai LLC. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, in which months were delineated by the cycles of the moon. Her presence is felt in something as simple as the names of the days of the week. [13], Selene, along with her brother, her sister and the sky-god Zeus, is one of the few Greek deities of a clear Proto-Indo-European origin, although they were sidelined by later non-PIE newcomers to the pantheon, as remaining on the sidelines became their primary function, to be the minor deities the major ones were juxtaposed to, thus helping keep the Greek religion Greek. 2. Not only was she the goddess of the moon, but she was considered a personification of the moon itself and that was how she was portrayed by many of the old poets and writers. The ancient Greeks saw her as the actual representation of the moon. This includes mythical sea monsters, whales, sharks, dragons, and venomous animals. Rheinisches Museum Fr Philologie, vol. Her name was spelt differently in the different dialects of the Greeks but the meaning was the same. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. Secretive and shy, she enjoys flitting silently through the night with a pearl-white or silvery chariot. On the other hand, her eyes and hair were believed to have been as dark as the night. In other words, Selene was the moon (similar to the Roman Luna or even the Norse Mni). But while there, he committed some transgression (usually, he was said to have fallen in love with Zeus wife Hera). 3/4, 1973, pp. In fact, there were several female deities who shared this domain. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. Plato, Republic 2.364e; Philochorus, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (FHG) 1 frag. [5], Selenes moon chariotsimilar to the sun chariot of her brother Helios and the dawn chariot of her sister Eoswas probably her most distinctive and consistent attribute. Zeus slept with the human queen Alcmene, of which encounter Heracles was born. Selene, the goddess of the moon, has two siblings: Eos, the goddess of the dawn, and Helios, the sun god. Thus, Selene falling for Endymion was supposed to represent moonrise every night. To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. According to Greek mythology, the moon goddess Selene was the daughter of two Titans (mythological giants) called Hyperion and Theia. Selene was said to have several consorts but the man that the goddess of the moon was most linked with was the mortal Endymion. Selene is a Titan goddess. Like most of the Titans, Selene was rarely worshipped in the ancient world. The first mention of the moon goddess in Greek mythology was probably in the Homeric Hymns. Even if he were sleeping, he would not be parted from the goddess he loved by death. The talkative Myia would sit with Endymion as he slept his eternal sleep, chattering endlesslyso much so that Endymion eventually woke up. Pandia (or Pandia Selene) may have personified the full moon,[130] and an Athenian festival, called the Pandia, usually considered to be a festival for Zeus,[131] was perhaps celebrated on the full moon and may have been associated with Selene. Together, they fittingly created three sources of celestial illumination. My work has also been published on Buzzfeed and most recently in Time magazine. Chiswick House, London, UK. One of the names given for Selene, and occasionally for an independent personification, was Mene. Because Basileia's other brothers envied these offspring, and feared that Hyperion would try to seize power for himself, they conspired against him. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death She was commonly depicted as a winged goddess, clad in a sweeping robe and a veil. Gaia, the primordial Titan goddess and grandmother to the Olympian gods and goddesses, was enraged when her children were defeated in the Titanomachy and imprisoned in Tartarus. What are Hades Powers that are Really Scary? Many of these old communities followed the lunar calendar and that made the moon a center of their faith and worship in many ways. However, in the science fiction book The First Men on the Moon by H.G. Selene was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Greek mythology has beautiful explanations for many natural phenomena. This she shared with her siblings and other goddesses like Nyx. Nonnus describes how, as Ampelus was riding a bull, he made the mistake of comparing himself to Selene. . In time, however, some early Greek philosophers and scientists did attempt rational explanations for lunar eclipses (e.g., Democritus, frag. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). In many paintings and sculptures, Selene is traditionally depicted with the crescent moon in her vicinity. [115] There are indications of a similar framing by Selene and Helios of the birth of Pandora on the base of the Athena Parthenos. Selene and Endymion, fresco on ceiling by Giuseppe Antonio Orelli, circa 1730-1770, Palazzo Riva. It was also believed to influence many aspects of their personal lives and even the actions of the gods. Selene with sleeping Endymion, fresco in the fourth Pompeian style. Her sister Eos was the light of dawn and their brother Helios drew the chariot of the sun across the sky each day. [144] And, according to a scholium on Theocritus, Pindar wrote that lovesick women would pray to Selene for help, as Euripides apparently had Phaedra, Selene's great-niece, do in his lost play Hippolytus Veiled. [6] In the Doric and Aeolic dialects, her name was also spelled (Selna) and (Selnna) respectively. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Theoi Project galleries contain more than 1,200 images of ancient Greek and Roman art. It is of course a tale that began in Ancient Greece, but the story of Endymion is one taken up with vigour by Renaissance artists and the imagery of the Moon goddesses visiting the eternal sleeping mortal was often repeated. She was also well known for her many affairs with men and her love that possibly . This is a relatively late text. And along with Selene, the moon moved as well. "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. Artemis has been commonly associated with Selene. The three children have become much more well-known in general Greek literature than their parents, especially after the fall from grace of Hyperion, who stood by his brother Cronus in the latters war against Zeus and was banished to Tartarus for it. In many cases it rested on her brow or jutted out on either side of her head like a crown or horns. Like Artemis, Selene was sometimes called Phoebe, a name that means bright one.. In Greek mythology, Selene was traditionally depicted as a beautiful young woman, with perhaps paler than usual skin. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. Mene, a name that she was also commonly known by, meant the moon or the lunar month, from the root mens which meant month. This is an attribute that she shares with her Roman equivalent Luna, where the latin luna also means moon.. To cite this article in an academic-style article or paper, use: Rittika Dhar, "Selene: The Titan and Greek Goddess of the Moon", History Cooperative, September 20, 2022, https://historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/. Selene leaving her chariot, Roman mosaic, Andalusia. However, her greatest love was a lowly mortal named Endymion. [123], Moon figures are found on Cretan rings and gems (perhaps indicating a Minoan moon cult), but apart from the role played by the moon itself in magic, folklore, and poetry, and despite the later worship of the Phrygian moon-god Men, there was relatively little worship of Selene. Selene is a Titan goddess in Greek mythology. [122] As frequently depicted on Roman sarcophagi, Selene, holding a billowing veil forming a crescent over her head, descends from her chariot to join her lover, who slumbers at her feet. For this the Greek gods were to be worshiped. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The goddess Selene was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Her request granted, Selene visited him regularly; some sources even reported that they had children together (see above).[27]. Kapach, A. In it, Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse. 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