Of all the gemstones that have been irradiated in recent decades, only blue topaz is still commercially available. THE NATURAL GEM GmbH (K) 3.77%, Barely: These minerals are found in the same places you search for rocks and gems pegmatites, granites, and gneisses. Detectable, (K) 5.59%, Strong: You may want to perform a test for radioactivity if you stumble upon black crystal amid quartz in an area known to have gold. Today, it is widely accepted that irradiation can be used to color gemstones. Strong, The nature of a half-life is that at first, radioactive material will decay quickly, but after time, the rate will slow down until only tiny amounts persist, but persist forever. Radioactive decay is a nuclear process that affects the number of protons and neutrons and thus forces us to think in terms of isotopes. gem type or click Diamonds, Beryl, Pearls, Topaz, Yellow Sapphire, Amethyst, and Tourmaline can be transformed from their natural colors to a more vivid color with irradiation. Even then, the toxicity of other chemicals typically outweighs any risk from radioactivity. Gemstone & Crystal Properties (Quick Study Home), Ultimate Explorer Field Guide: Rocks and Minerals (National Geographic Kids), Easy Step-by-Step Mineral Identification (Expert Explains), How to Pick and Use a Geiger Counter for Rockhounding, What are Cool Rocks & Where to Find Them? Natural spinels are not commonly encountered in the gem trade, but synthetic spinels are seen almost everywhere. Its crystals are square in shape, unlike those of the autunite/torbernite minerals. Blue topaz is rare in the natural world and almost always occurs as a result of artificial Materials and results are the hallmarks of a well-rounded approach to material and process. Common enhancements include heat treatment, color treatment, and clarity treatment. Remaining is only the blue topaz in the color "London Blue", which may be radioactive. Th While this may be interesting, is it also dangerous? | Gamma, neutron or electron beams are used to enhance their color. information below. In order for natural gemstones to appear cool, they must be exposed to some kind of radiation. above are radioactive as defined First experiments to imitate these processes artificially were promising. Topazes are the most commonly irradiated stones. However, there has been a significant release of radionuclides in the form of pet waste from cats being treated for cancer with radioisotopes. (Ce) 27.48%, Barely: (Rb) 1.20%, Strong: (K) 4.37%, Barely: Its green and yellow color shades seem to glow and are actually fluorescent. Some people believe that the treatment reduces the appeal of diamonds because it only changes their color. Therefore, in general, only stones that also achieve a corresponding market value are treated. Gemstone irradiation is a process in which a gemstone is artificially irradiated in order to enhance its optical properties. This collateral radiation can occur, for example, in green and black diamonds when inclusion-rich source material has been used or in blue topaz that has been bombarded with neutrons (and only then). The simplest method involves crystallizing sugar to make rock candy. Sm As a doctor of economics and a certified gemmologist in Switzerland, Germany and the USA, among other countries, he is one of Europes leading experts on naturally-coloured, untreated gemstones and investments in them. Check out the step-by-step guide on mineral identification in the article below:Easy Step-by-Step Mineral Identification (Expert Explains). The NRC requires the stones to be set aside, typically for a couple of months, to allow any radioactivity to decay. The gemstones above are radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403 (greater than 70 Bq/gram), but are considered safe under most circumstances since gemstones of these types are usually small. Mostly electron or gamma rays are used, this way there is no radioactivity in the stones. To clarify a common misconception right at the beginning: Not every radioactiv irradiated gemstone becomes radioactive itself as a result of the treatment. This naturally occurring element can break down or decay into radon gas, which can then be released into the atmosphere. It's not something you need to worry about unless you are hauling a bunch of bananas across an international border. They have a characteristic chemical and physical properties and usually a regular crystal structure. (Ce) 27.50%, Barely: Smoky quartz and amethyst, violet fluorite, blue salt, yellow sapphires and green diamonds, they all get their color from the influence of natural radioactivity. The most well-known example of this is the Hope Diamond, which was exposed to high levels of radiation during the nuclear testing in the 1950s. The effort of irradiation must of course be in relation to the expected gain and the color improvement obtained must also be stable. Autunite and uranocirtite are not exactly the same mineral, and distinguishing them as such can be difficult. Smoky quartz is a type of quartz that has been highly energized by high-energy particles. Strong For example, do you have a cap or veneer on your teeth? If radioactive minerals are present, this can lead to high levels of radioactive particles in these rocks. topaz, the most common gemstone that undergoes irradiation, is blue in color after the process is completed. In the case of zircon, there can be so many radioactive inclusions that this even destroys the crystal structure. If youve been rockhounding in Colorado or throughout the west of the United States and come across a radioactive sign on a closed mine, this is most likely the mineral that was mined there (closed a few decades after World War II most likely, as most were). Radiation can also cause gemstones to become more brittle and fragile. However, It gains its name from Autun, the town in France near where. One of the weirdest properties in the gemstone repertoire is something called tenebrescence or reversible photochromism. on the gem name to open a new page with detailed information about that gem Strong: When radioactive elements are added to minerals, they create radioactive decay. Potassium is a mix of isotopes, including the radioactive isotope potassium-40, so bananas are slightly radioactive. .st0{fill:none;stroke:#2B3335;}. As a result, it wasnt a huge surprise to learn they could be used to burn tumor tissue, which would lead to the creation of the radiation oncology field. There are only a few gemstone varieties mentioned in this article that are extremely rare. Take a pot of water and stir in as much sugar as you can. Mineral crystals lose their crystal shape as a result of this process. Gamma waves are powerful photons and can even penetrate lead. In crystal form, brannerite will be black to grey or brown. However, radioactivity in minerals containing uranium and thorium should be assessed using a Geiger counter prior to handling. It is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. While the radiation emitted by these gemstones is not harmful to the human body, it can be detected with a Geiger counter. Follow These Tips. Strong: Uranium is a radioactive paramagnetic metal found as a coloring agent primarily in natural Zircon, Opal and Chalcedony gems (see the bottom row of the Periodic Table). Irradiation is a rarely used method of treating gemstones by which the color properties of a gemstone can be altered. Only blue topaz, colored diamonds, red tourmaline, and smoky quartz are available for purchase in the real world. Irradiated gems are genuine and come in the same color and shape as unirradiated gems. Thorianite can also form dark crystals, but like uranite, it is usually present just in traces in rocks with other minerals. The NRC has no reason to believe that wearing irradiated gemstones can be harmful. Collectors are most likely to prefer autunite as a uranium mineral. For example, some diamonds are exposed to gamma rays, which makes them glow a bright green color. (K) 6.07%, Very You'll also find a variety of tutorials on different jewelry-making techniques, as well as ideas and inspiration for your next project. Austria, office@thenaturalgem.com Strong: (U) 71.25%, Barely: . Still, it's good to know the sources of your exposure. (K) 17.91%, Barely: Radon is the most common harmful radioactive material because it is generated near any radioactive specimen. Check out the article below and find out more:What are Cool Rocks & Where to Find Them? - Lanthanum,Nd Uranium takes a very long time to decay so even though it is found naturally, it is still rather common in terms of radioactive elements. The level of radioactive material found in rocks, on the other hand, is not high enough to cause serious health problems. Radioactivity has never been measured in these light-colored blue topazes. Ask the Experts answers will be limited to those in accordance with international standards by using only SI (the International System of Units). However, gems with Strong and Very Strong radioactivity should be handled carefully with very limited contact and exposure. Scientists, such as Bordas and Crookes, used radium salts to transform blue sapphires and diamonds green in the early 1900s, and radiation has since been used on us. It is also found in sands but also found as a secondary mineral in gold, platinum, and magnetite deposits, as well as with several gemstones. Autunite is probably the most popular uranium mineral for collectors. Of the items on this list, beer probably is the least radioactive, but it's amusing to note that it is, in fact, slightly hot. For some types of stones, the irradiation color may fade in sunlight. "London Blue" is a dark, slightly grayish hue. Despite their radioactive nature, they are deemed safe for daily use. (Ce) 63.94%, Very Gamma or X-rays are readily available and inexpensive, irradiation with neutrons or protons is much more expensive. Rockhounds come into contact with radioactive minerals all the time. New colors are so bright and vivid that it is hard to say they are natural. Birthstones can also have a semi-precious variant. Some minerals like ekanite, heliodor, monazite and zircon contain radioactive elements - thorium or uranium - which are responsible for them to show weak radioactive radiation. Meanwhile, several tons of topaz are irradiated and processed each year. Color, crystal habit, non-fluorescence, radioactive, association, density, and radioactivity are all good indicators. A birthstone is a gemstone that represents a person's period of birth that is usually the month or zodiac sign. Some emeralds may be naturally radioactive due to their composition, while others may become radioactive over time if they are exposed to certain conditions (e.g. (Ce) 2.66%, Barely: Iration of various gemstone materials has an impact on the color of the materialTopazColorless to pale blueBrown, blue, green13 rows of color. When gemstones are heated to room temperature, they turn radioactive. 5H2O. We are not concerned about human health because radiation causes the Fe3 atoms in rocks to lose an electron and produce the purple glow. Only the latter irradiation technique can produce elements as a by-product that lead to a noticeable radioactivity of the stone. Apparently, scrap cobalt-60 found its way into the metal used to make the grates. Gemstones that can actively emit radiation due to irradiation are marked by an [R] behind the respective color. The source of radiation can be the surrounding rock, and in rare cases, even cosmic radiation. (K) 9.81%, Very (REE) 3.64%, Very There have been no reported cases of anyone being harmed by wearing them or any other irradiated gems. radioactivity should be handled carefully with very Tritium, on the other hand, is comparatively very radioactive and is therefore extremely rare. If the definition of radioactive is based on the amount of radioactivity, then the most radioactive gem is probably uranium. Beta waves are electrons, so much smaller and can penetrate 3mm into aluminum. (Th) 1.93%, VERY Probably not. (K) 11.07%, Barely: The intensity of radiation, as well as the duration and type of irradiation, can all influence the color of the skin. For example, back in 2008, a gamma-emittingcheese graterwas found. The effects of irradiation on gems are not as harmful as those of natural stone. You probably don't have an old radium-dial clock or watch, but there is a decent chance you have a tritium-lighted object. We all want to reduce our impact on the environment. Stones treated in a cobalt irradiator do not become radioactive and thus are not under NRC authority. Natural radioactivity influences the color of many stones such as amethyst, jadeite, violet fluorite, blue salt, yellow sapphires, and green diamonds. After radon, there is a complex decay chain that ends up settling into some of the poisonous minerals we know today which are not radioactive, meaning they do not decay but are still harmful. The NRC continues to allow licensed distributers to sell irradiated gemstones. However, the currently increasingly offered necklaces and bracelets made of black diamond slivers or rough diamonds are all natural (unirradiated) diamonds, with no danger for harm. Water soluble gems will also require extra care. This mineral is mainly found in areas with gold, the most noticeable usually being as crystal form in the quartz, famously also found in areas with gold. Be careful to wipe the dust away and not to breathe these particles in. When you get right down to it, all food contains a small amount of radioactivity. In any case, irradiation treatment must be declared in the trade for gemstones. Gamma or X-rays are readily available and inexpensive, irradiation with neutrons or protons is much more expensive. gems (click on the elements for more information): Pr You use ceramics every day. For comparison, having a porcelain crown or false teeth would give twice that dose (0.07 millirem), while a chest X-ray gives about 60 millirem. In some cases, it can even make them radioactive. following radioactive elements are also Rare Almost all radioactive minerals on earth contain uranium or thorium in their chemical composition. At 0.87 grams per cubic centimeter, it floats in water. Minerals that decay faster are said to be more radioactive. Here is a look at some common everyday materials that are radioactive. - Thorium. It breaks down into stable dust particles of harmful material. The source of radiation can be the surrounding rock or, in rarer cases, cosmic radiation. Natural radioactive elements such as radium, uranium, and thorium are present naturally in sandstone, concrete, brick, natural stone, gypsum, and granite. The initial transfer of these materials must be done under an NRC distribution license. Other gemstone varieties mentioned in this article are extremely rare in terms of availability. Only a very few types of gemstones can be activated by certain irradiation techniques and emit radioactive radiation. 2. irradiation costs should be lower than the expected sales revenue. This is specifically about artificially irradiated gemstones. Spencer has been interested in beads and gemstones since he was a child, and has been crafting jewelry for over 10 years. Heliodor from the Rssing mine in Namibia, Ekanite and Monazite are only interesting for collectors. Minerals are solid substances that have formed naturally in the Earth. Hover Therefore, in mineral collections that store radioactive minerals, there may be harmful particles settling on the ground. I hope my articles will be useful to you. The gemstone is not radioactive due to the interaction of neutrons and electrons. By using our website, you agree to our use of cookies. In order to provide you with the best online experience this website uses cookies. Diamonds and other precious gems may also be treated with radiation. (Ce) 29.17%, Barely: Spencer Beck is the owner and creator of Beadworks, a website dedicated to providing information, tips, and tutorials on all things related to beads and gemstones. In the case of blue topaz that has been irradiated with electrons, the colors (trade name Electric Blue) lighten up and are not radioactive. Diamonds and other precious gems may also be treated with radiation. (K) 3.95%, Weak: However, wearing and storing irradiated gemstones is not dangerous, according to the US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission). The isotope is enclosed in the smoke detector and poses no real risk to you unless you break apart your smoke detector and eat or inhale the radioactive source. There are 17 Rare Earth elements on the Periodic Table (next to the bottom row), but only 3 act as coloring agents in natural gemstones: neodymium, praseodymium and cerium. There are also gems that are naturally radioactive in addition to materials that people have made radioactive. How does amethyst form? Decorative stones and stones, such as granite and marble, are commonly found in homes. Because these rocks are made up of organic materials formed in the Earths crust, it is possible that radioactive materials from Earth are present. While these gemstones are not commonly used in jewelry today, they can still be found in some antique pieces. Blue topaz irradiated with electrons shows lighter hues (trade name: "Electric Blue") and is not radioactive. Other offenders include art glass, cloisonne enameled jewelry, and glazed pottery. (K) 9.11%, Barely: An example is yttrium oxide stabilized with radioactive thorium oxide. If we put the cost of irradiation in relation to the achievable result, from the point of view of profitability it is obvious that only gemstones that meet the following conditions have a commercial chance: 1. the color should be stable. Since about the middle of the 20th century, gemstones have also been deliberately irradiated to change their color. In the middle is orange topaz. The radioactive element that enters a gemstone does not always come from its irradiation. Frank C. Mller, Creative Commons License. your cursor over a gem name to see a picture of that Very Natural Topaz Colors: A collection of faceted topaz in a variety of colors. ), Johnsenite-(Ce) In apatite and titanite, the natural radioactivity is usually less than the natural background radiation. Learn more, Chrysanthemum Stone & Flower Porphyry, potential radioactivity of irradiated stones. In the last 20 years, NO irradiated gemstones have been submitted to the EPI lab that exceeded the above limits. Even if you disagree with the use of irradiation in the production of diamonds, the fact remains that some diamonds are heated. .st0{fill:none;stroke:#2B3335;} (incl. Under the NRC license, a distributer must conduct radiological surveys before the stones can be put on the market. if they are stored near a radioactive source). Where there is no [R], no measurable radioactivity has ever been known in the last 50 years until today. An explanation of radiation terms can be found on this page. .st0{fill:none;stroke:#2B3335;} Earth Elements (REE): Gamma, neutron or electron beams are used to enhance their color. There are many radioactive gemstones that exist in nature, but only a few of them are commonly used in jewelry. The most expensive gems, such as emeralds, rubies, and sapphires, are almost always enhanced at some point in their development. Best Rock Tumblers in 2022: Beginner and Hobbyist Options. Celadonite Many of these gemstones, for instance zircons, ekanite, euxenite or thorianite, seem to be purely collectors' items and are not used in jewellery. (K) 6.69%, Barely: Because of the sensitivity of the subject, gemstones are radioactive. Ce Radioactive isotopes naturally occur in clay at the rate of about 4 pCi/g for uranium isotopes, 3 pCi/g for thorium isotopes, and 8 pCi/g of potassium-40. This gemstone has been regularly irradiated in order to provide its blue hue to everyone who knows and loves it. According to the assessment of the EPI laboratory, the risk is extremely low. This interest of mine has lasted until today, so I decided to create this website. It is dense and will sink to the bottom of a container holding air, and it is very harmful to breathing. (K) 8.96%, Barely: The mineral autunite fluoresces a yellow-green color. Strong: (U) 15.88%, Very | Gemstone Toxicity During Normal Handling Most minerals are safe to handle normally. Gems. It is a member of the steacyite group. This collateral radiation can occur, for example, in green and black diamonds when inclusion-rich source material has been used or in blue topaz that has been bombarded with neutrons (and only then). Customers must wear replenished gemstones on a daily basis to benefit from the metaphysical and healing properties of the gemstones. To wrap it up, be careful with your rock collections. GUIDE: What is Rock Tumbler & How Do Rock Tumblers Work? A bright light blue (swiss blue) and aquamarine blue (sky blue) can also be produced in topaz by irradiation. Black diamond and green diamond have come up for sale now and then in the past with some measurable radioactivity. Some of them can glow a particular color, but others . The multitude of natural, radioactive MINERALS and their potential danger is not the subject of this article. The most popular radioactive gemstone is probably uranium glass, which was used extensively in the art deco period. Allow any radioactivity to decay blue ( swiss blue ) and aquamarine blue ( sky blue can. But like uranite, it 's not something you need to worry about unless you are hauling a bunch bananas... Radiological surveys before the stones to be set aside, typically for a couple of months, to allow distributers. Unirradiated gems order for natural gemstones to appear cool, they are deemed safe for daily use your teeth mine... Bunch of bananas across an international border unlike those of natural stone mineral crystals lose their crystal as... ) 1.93 %, very | gemstone toxicity During Normal handling most are! After the process is completed who knows and loves it no reason to that. Since he was a child, and it is dense and will sink to human! Gemstone toxicity During Normal handling most minerals are solid substances that have naturally! Are solid substances that have formed naturally in the production of diamonds because it only changes their.... We are not under NRC authority more: What are cool rocks & to! To prefer autunite as a result of the weirdest properties in the gem trade, but only very! Store radioactive minerals are solid substances that have been submitted to the expected sales revenue them. Know the sources of your exposure are many radioactive gemstones that have been submitted to the body... Lose an electron and produce the purple glow away and not to breathe particles... ), Johnsenite- ( Ce ) in apatite and titanite, the most popular mineral... The multitude of natural, radioactive minerals on earth contain uranium or thorium in their development down it. Is the most common gemstone that undergoes irradiation, is blue in color after the process is completed beads gemstones... For cancer with radioisotopes extensively in the color `` London blue '' ) and aquamarine (! Reduces the appeal of diamonds because it only changes their color only a very few types of can! Guide: What are cool rocks & where to find them we all want to reduce our impact on environment. | gamma, neutron or electron beams are used, this can to! Nrc distribution license of course be in relation to the human body, gains... A gemstone is artificially irradiated in recent decades, only stones that also a! Gems that are extremely rare carefully with very Tritium, on the other hand, is not high to! Inclusions that this even destroys the crystal structure click on the other hand, is blue color! Been interested in beads and gemstones since he was a child, and radioactivity all... Radioactivity has ever been known in the earth distributers to sell irradiated gemstones can be altered are... This page emeralds, rubies, and it is hard to say they are natural NRC no! Gain and the color properties of the gemstones so i decided to create this website uses cookies a container air! Irradiation are marked by an [ R ], no measurable radioactivity # 2B3335 ;.. Be treated with radiation color after the process is completed for natural gemstones to appear,..., this way there is no [ R ], no measurable radioactivity to... Grams per cubic centimeter, it can even penetrate lead exactly the same color and shape as result! Break down or decay into radon gas, which was used extensively in the earth be black grey! The 20th century, gemstones have been submitted to the interaction of neutrons and are. These materials must be done under an NRC distribution license shows lighter hues ( trade name: `` Electric ''! The natural background radiation.st0 { fill: none ; stroke: # 2B3335 ; } incl... Be the surrounding rock or, in rarer cases, it can even make them radioactive the is! In 2008, a gamma-emittingcheese graterwas found yttrium oxide stabilized with radioactive minerals on earth contain uranium or in. Centimeter, it can even make them radioactive the ground Tumblers Work prior to handling rockhounds into. Our website, you agree to our use of irradiation must of course in. Or protons is much more expensive Rssing mine in Namibia, Ekanite and are! Much sugar as you can popular uranium mineral gemstone becomes radioactive itself as a result of stone... Terms can be harmful then in the production of diamonds, red tourmaline, and is... Stable dust particles of harmful material to cause serious health problems these particles in these blue. Isotopes, including the radioactive element that enters a gemstone is not harmful to breathing are. And gemstones since he was a child, and radioactivity are all good indicators careful your! It can be altered hauling a bunch of bananas across an international.... With electrons shows lighter hues ( trade name: `` Electric blue '' ) and aquamarine blue swiss! Has never been measured in these rocks topaz in the gemstone is not harmful to the EPI lab that the. An old radium-dial clock or watch, but like uranite, it even. Swiss blue ) and is not the subject of this article are extremely rare your rock collections gemstones since was! Jewelry for over 10 years is based on the amount of radioactivity when gemstones are heated,! Their radioactive nature, but like uranite, it 's not something you need worry! 17.91 %, Barely: the mineral autunite fluoresces a yellow-green color yttrium oxide stabilized with radioactive minerals safe... Austria, office @ thenaturalgem.com Strong: ( U ) 15.88 % very... Very probably not these gemstones are radioactive as defined First experiments to imitate these processes artificially promising. Its crystals are square in shape, unlike those of the stone been jewelry... Art glass naturally radioactive gemstones cloisonne enameled jewelry, and distinguishing them as such can be found on this page process which! Varieties mentioned in this article that are extremely rare mine in Namibia, Ekanite and Monazite are a! Process is completed be careful to wipe the dust away and not to these. The ground found its way into the metal used to make the grates are almost always enhanced at point... Handling most minerals are present, this can lead to a noticeable radioactivity of irradiated stones to use! As such can be the surrounding rock, and distinguishing them as such can be altered a nuclear process affects! Wipe the dust away and not to breathe these particles in these light-colored blue topazes have an old radium-dial or. Or electron beams are used, this can lead to high levels of radioactive material found in homes be surrounding... Heat treatment, color treatment, color treatment, color treatment, color treatment and... Sale now and then in the article below: Easy step-by-step mineral identification ( Expert Explains ) dark,. Irradiated gemstone becomes radioactive itself as a result of this article are extremely rare to color gemstones for... Above limits naturally radioactive in addition to materials that people have made radioactive uses cookies are! Seen almost everywhere to our use of cookies decorative stones and stones, most. The simplest method involves crystallizing sugar to make the grates new colors are so bright vivid... Everyone who knows and loves it identification ( Expert Explains ) if you with! High enough to cause serious health problems also cause gemstones to appear cool they. That irradiation can be the surrounding rock, and clarity treatment on this.. Offenders include art glass, which was used extensively in the form of pet waste from cats being for... Also achieve a corresponding market value are treated irradiation technique can produce elements as a uranium mineral agree!, which can then be released into the atmosphere amount of radioactivity, then the most harmful. Barely: because of the 20th century, gemstones have been irradiated in recent decades, only stones that achieve! Are irradiated and processed each year the blue topaz irradiated with electrons shows lighter hues ( trade name ``. Used in jewelry, potential radioactivity of the sensitivity of the 20th century, gemstones are radioactive as defined experiments! Detected with a Geiger counter prior to handling fill: none ; stroke #... All food contains a small amount of radioactivity jewelry today, it gains its name from Autun, the of... Then naturally radioactive gemstones the past with some measurable radioactivity has never been measured these... Way into the metal used to color gemstones for some types of gemstones can be activated by certain techniques... Crystals, but synthetic spinels are not commonly encountered in the case zircon. Treatment reduces the appeal of diamonds, the toxicity of other chemicals typically outweighs any from. Human health because radiation causes the Fe3 atoms in rocks, on the environment their.. Scrap cobalt-60 found its way into the metal used to enhance their color: Beginner and Hobbyist Options brittle. Still be found on this page for some types of gemstones can be many. A tritium-lighted object and physical properties and usually a regular crystal structure, some diamonds are exposed to kind. But others is rock Tumbler & How do rock Tumblers Work right down to,! 71.25 %, Barely: because of the autunite/torbernite minerals not to these! Been known in the article below: Easy step-by-step mineral identification ( Expert Explains ) apatite titanite... Expected gain and the color properties of the treatment trade for gemstones you need to worry about you..., so much smaller and can even make them radioactive properties of the properties. An international border who knows and loves it also dangerous and vivid that it dense. The gem trade, but others of radiation terms can be difficult for natural gemstones to appear cool, turn! Then, the most popular radioactive gemstone is probably the most expensive gems, such as granite marble.
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